Keeguard railing. KeeGuard Rooftop Railing. Keeguard railing

 
KeeGuard Rooftop RailingKeeguard railing  This product must only be used by a competently trained individual

Section 05500 - Metal Fabrications: Associated metal supports. The amendments focus on a variety of things, but very few affect. Photos and videos demonstrating the KeeGuard railing system. A self-closing gate has a top rail, mid-rail, and. Roof Edge Protection: Provide freestanding KeeGuard Roof Edge Protection System, including pipe railings, uprights, bases, counterweights and fittings. EAST (980) 272-1567. Facility Service Manager. NO. Keeguard® Railing. Kee Guard is the industry leading modular, roof top railing system. This style will work if you need long-term rooftop fall protection but don’t want to bolt to any. ) bases, is freestanding and easy to install. Provide and install freestanding KeeGuard® Roof Edge Protection System, including pipe railings, uprights, bases, counterweights, fittings and delivery to site. Long lasting. 9mm wall thickness) (6. The modular system allows for the guardrail to be customized to best fit all the angles and elevations of your rooftop. It is a durable safety railing solution. EAST (980) 272-1567. Kee Gate and KeeGuard Talk to our specialists about your needs Contact. 10' x 10' Kee Guard Corner. 0. Rooftop Walkways for Exit Routes. Request a Quote. It takes trust — trust that you’re dedicated to safety and that we provide the right solutions for your facility. 2275. All Kee Safety systems are easy to install and engineered to meet the specifications of the facility while eliminating critical dangers at airports and pedestrian risks in parking areas. " Safety Rail Source. Kee Safety KGPVC16U Unrestrained Roof Railing System, 16': Apparel: Amazon. RELATED SECTIONS . KeeGuard is an industry-leading freestanding guardrail system that works on any type of roof, regardless of its material or layout. 9 6 33. Highest standards for off-the-ground safety Kee Dome is designed to be compliant with OSHA 1910. Engineered to OSHA Standards. Accommodate ladders, equipment, and rooftop obstructions such as ductwork or dunnage. Blog. KeeGuard Rooftop Guardrail is an easy-to-install and long-lasting solution for your rooftop fall protection. Toeboard is usually used in situations where there is quite a bit of water (think water treatment plants or rooftops) so the last thing you want to do is leave an entry point for rust. The KeeGuard system removes the potential of that risk. Easy installProvide and install freestanding KeeGuard® Roof Edge Protection System, including pipe railings, uprights, bases, counterweights, fittings and delivery to site. English; French; 1 (877) 505-5003. This modular system can accommodate complex rooftop obstacles. Each installation is individually engineered using our modular KeeGuard® components to build a durable and safe Fall Protection System. Only KeeGuard offers optimal stability for all standard rooftop systems including Membrane, Metal Profile, and Standing Seam up to 45°. It has been fully tested to BS, EN and OSHA compliance, and when correctly installed, ensures the safety of anyone who has to access a flat roof. Lives have been lost in work-related falls resulting from workers not using harnesses properly. They developed a new interagency collaboration with the City's Department of Licenses and Inspections to enhance. KeeGuard Contractor Portable Guardrail A Safety Compliant Portable Solution for Roof Edge Fall Protection KeeGuard Contractor offers a new and innovative approach to portable railing systems. Part 1 - General. EAST (980) 272-1567. SO. Used when the footprint of the railing needs to be compact, KeeGuard Premium is able to be used as a stand-alone system or combined with standard KeeGuard. Galvanised fittings and tube deliver collective protection. Freestanding roof railing can be used on slopes up to 5 degrees (1/12 pitch). Standing Seam & Corrugated Metal Roof Railing. Roof Safety Railing Ground Mounted Railing Construction Railing KeeGuard Railing Non-Penetrating Railing Portable Railing Hatch Railing. Guardrail systems. 29(b)(3) and 1910. Request a Quote. 502(d):Safety Rail Sources™ partners with Kee Safety and offers KeeGuard® free-standing, non-penetrating roof edge fall protection systems with recycled PVC counterbalance weights. Standing at 43" tall and featuring an aluminum toe board, it provides additional protection to those working at any level. 27. The Guardian G-Rail system is a non-penetrating, temporary, contractor-grade railing. What makes KeeGuard the ideal flat roof railing. Installation of our inspection pit covers requires no skilled labor and can be done by just a single individual and a drill. The system is freestanding, non-penetrative and other than at each end. The. $1,073. KeeGuard safety railing easily adapts to changes in roof elevations and sharp angles to give you complete edge protection. 7 7 42. Harness systems require training and proper and. Safety Rail Source® offers multiple types of Roof Guardrail Systems. KeeGuard offers complete fall protection for roof types including: Membrane, Metal Profile and Standing Seam up to 45 degrees, Ballasted, Composite and Green. Part M for DDA compliance. EAST (716) 218-0315. Easy to Install and Use. 866. Kee Safety. It can be used to protect roof edges and skylights. com +44 1384 632 188 sales@keesafety. The range includes a choice of standard, vertical, raked, radiused and folding systems to suit any building. Work Platforms. Crossovers and stairs can be permanently mounted or secured to rolling casters when portable applications are necessary. Learn how KeeGuard rooftop railing helped these customers become compliant and ensure their workers and their company are safe. But, if all that matters is the immediate completion of a project and the long-term health of your roof isn’t important enough, then a non-penetrating guardrail may not be right for you. Harness systems require training and proper and. The system is available for different roof types, either for use where a restraining wall such as a parapet is in place or where the rooftop is completely open around the perimeter. NYC Building Code 1607. Railing systems can be mounted on walls, workbenches and inside service trucks. This includes a range of free-standing roof edge railing systems, guardrails for metal roofs and guarded walkways. 79 - $253. We seek. Alternatively, you can specify and install KeeGuard yourself with our easy-to-follow instructions – it all starts with a call to our knowledgeable staff! Get in touch. Why Kee Safety. For more information about Keeguard® Railing and other types of Rooftop Railing, please visit our parent company Safety Rail Source. OSHA and the City of Philadelphia are committed to the safety of others. NextGen 3000™ Universal Guardrail is a state-of-the-art, non-penetrating, modular rooftop safety railing system. If the need arises, the modular design of these crossovers, stairways and platforms allows the owner to re-purpose them. Summary: Provide and install freestanding KeeGuard® Roof Edge Fall Protection System, including tube railings, bases, counterweights, fittings and delivery to site. specially designed KeeGuard safety components, when used to construct the KeeGuard railing system, using a 42’’ high guard railing, will meet or exceed the requirements of the OSHA Safety Standard of a single 200 lb. Safety Railing. Your individually engineered KeeGuard® Fall Protection System can be used for bi-level or multi-level roofs, can be adapted to varying. Remember, OSHA and Cal-OSHA are giving a bare minimum of what would be determined safe. It has been designed to provide permanent roof edge protection for areas where regular access for maintenance and inspection is required. Almost any flat or low slope roof up to 3 degrees can be accommodated. Self-closing industrial safety gates keep your workers safe and can be easily installed on new or existing systems. In order to be compliant, it wasn’t an option to use only hatch railing or just install 15 feet of KeeGuard. If you need a railing for your worksite, G-rail will get the job done! Choose 6' 8' or 10' Railing. 2 - Option 3) Fasten the KeeGuard rail into brickwork or steel using two Kee Klamp Type 61-8 (Wall Flange) OR two Kee Klamp type v (flange). 00 Fairlington Community Center KeeGuard and Kee Hatch Railing Systems $24,258. KeeGuard® Premium guardrail can also be used in combination with standard . Its configuration accommodates varying angles, circular configurations. SO. KeeGuard provides permanent, free-standing fall protection railing that will last decades. Self-closing industrial safety gates keep your workers safe and can be easily installed on new or existing systems. Section 07400 - Membrane Roofing: Coordination of roof edge protection installation. 72. 8 - What Are the Load Requirements for Rooftop Railing in NYC? If the rooftop is on a one to two family dwelling or areas not accessible to the general public and have occupancies less than 50, a railing must be able to withstand 20 lbs. load applied at any location and. Glass. Recycled PVC weights provide a high visibility, non-slip secure base that does not penetrate the roof membrane. Highest standards for off-the-ground safety Kee Dome is designed to be compliant with OSHA 1910. Easy Installation KEEGUARD Ladder Kit has been developed to easily clamp on to the existing fixed/cat ladder and forms a continual link from the guardrail to the stringer of the ladder. KeeGuard guardrail system provides permanent, free-standing fall protection that will last decades. KeeGuard® Upright Options Standard KGU35 1100 to top of rail Radiused KGUR Raked KGU35 314 470 gap between rails R 1550 1133 to top of rail 11. 050000 050100 050150 050170 051510 051513 051516 051619 051600 051633 055000 055200 055213 057000 057300 057313 057316 064300 064316 066300 068100 101139 a d a a d a. UBTC adheres to the International Building Code. For harsh environments, choose the KeeHatch® Mightylight model made of aluminum and stainless steel. 3/16 “ Proof Coil ASTM Spec , Zinc Plated Safety Chain with Quick Link when selected. KEEGUARD Premium er designet til at give både midlertidig og permanen En fritstående faldbeskyttelsesløsning, der fungerer med en 40 kg PCV vægtklods. Rooftop railings are a simple and ideal way of providing a safe working environment for workers working on roofs. x 15 in. EAST (980) 272-1567. 866. The surrounding supports of the safety railing ensures that there is plenty of. Kee Hatch Specifications - Model RHSR-O 3636. Our railing systems satisfy the requirements of ADA, ICC, IBC and other building codes. KeeGuard Roof Edge Fall Protection Railing System is a passive, collective fall protection system that is preferred by safety consultants. WEST (909) 295-2970. There’s no need for drilling, welding, or fastening into your roof. x 53 in. Free of Sharp Edges and Snag Points. Kee Safety. Lives have been lost in work related falls resulting from workers not using harnesses properly. *Compatible with Guardian G-Rail and Guardian Ultra-Adjust Temporary Railing only. 866. Figure 6. The purpose is to provide roof fall protection for construction and maintenance workers that meets safety standards and regulations. KeeGuard® is the most trusted name in safety railing offering maximum flexibility for your rooftop configuration. 2275. KeeGuard® Contractor system is a free standing solution to roof edge fall protection that requires no hardware connections to the rooftop or working surface. KeeGuard railing was the best option for its many features and benefits. However, since KeeGuard doesn’t penetrate the roof, it can be disassembled to remove or make adjustments without any structural damage. This railing system offers optimal stability for all standard rooftop systems including Membrane, Metal Profile, and Standing Seam up to 45°. KeeGuard Metal Roof Railing is a unique railing system for standing seam metal roofs system that is OSHA compliant. You told us you needed a non-penetrating system that is durable, OSHA and building code complaint at a significantly. If the railing is galvanized, the metal has been treated to resist rust. Kee Guard CB7. If you need a railing for your worksite, G-rail will get the job done! Choose 6' 8' or 10' Railing. With no roof penetrations, this system is ideal for all flat roof applications wher. Material : Malleable cast iron to BS 1562 and galvanised to BS EN ISO 1461. Video Overview of the KeeGuard Roof Railing. Be smooth so that employees can’t be harmed by punctures. OSHA compliant. Parapet mounted guardrail is a cost-effective and OSHA compliant solution. Fall Protection Specialists. Manufacturer, converter and stocking distributor of portable railing systems. The system works on a proven counterweight system, recycled PVC weights provide high visibility, non-slip secure base that does not penetrate the roof membrane. The KeeGuard system removes the potential of that risk. Use a non-penetrating guardrail that doesn’t mount to any structure on your building. Section 07400 - Membrane Roofing: Coordination of roof edge protection installation. Use a non-penetrating guardrail system, like KeeGuard, if you want to protect your roof warranty or have a better chance at a long life with your roof. Liberty Lines Inc. The Kee Klamp safety components, and specially designed KeeGuard safety components, when used to construct the KeeGuard railing system, using a 42’’ high guard railing, will meet or exceed the requirements of the OSHA Safety Standard of a single 200 lb. Guardrail top and intermediate rails are produced in steel - 48. FAX (610) 539-1630. OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910. Your individually engineered KeeGuard® roof edge fall protection railing system can be used for bi-level or multi-level roofs, can be adapted to varying angle. Safety Platforms Crossovers & Stairs Kee Walk Walkway Expandable Platforms Tri-Arc Easi-Dec Pit Covers. Our market-leading counterweight system is highly. Kee Gate® is a self-closing safety gate that ensures that the ladder access point is approached in intentionally. Heavy Duty galvanized tubing self-closing gate with adjustable torsion system. KeeGuard® Railing InstallationKeeGuard ® Railing is non-penetrating and consists of Kee base fittings and posts with continuous rail. Contact us * First & Last NameSafety Rail Sources™ partners with Kee Safety and offers KeeGuard® free-standing, non-penetrating roof edge fall protection systems with recycled PVC counterbalance weights. Mounting hardware is also included. More Info. When no penetration can be made or no parapet exists, we recommend our KeeGuard non-penetrating roof railing. T. KeeGuard® Topfix provides a simple solution when collective protection is the preferred safety option for metal profile and standing seam. KeeGuard Roof Edge Fall Protection Railing System is a passive, collective fall protection system which is preferred by safety consultants. KeeGuard Foldshield is a folding handrail system designed for roofs with slopes of less than 10 degrees. KeeGuard® is a modular, freestanding, non-penetrating rooftop guardrail system. Be able to withstand 200 pounds of concentrated force on the top rail and 150 pounds of force for the mid rail. Owing to unknown floor conditions fixing anchors are not. KeeGuard® Premium KeeGuard® Premium offers a new and innovative approach to freestanding, non-penetrative roof top railing systems. Kee Gate ® is a self-closing safety gate that ensures that the ladder access point is approached intentionally. Safety Rail Source provides all safety railing, Ada handrails, wheelchair rails and fittings needed for a cost effective solution satisfying ADA,. Post Weight bases are located at the bottom of each railing and do not require an offset counterweight, allowing the railing to fit into. This includes a range of free-standing roof edge railing systems and guardrails for metal roofs. KeeGuard Operation and Maintenance Instructions: PDF Download. 2275. The fasteners must be sealed according to the. The roof guardrail system easily adapts to changes in roof. OSHA compliant. Search. KeeGuard® Standing Seam Railing is an OSHA Compliant roof edge fall protection system that prevents workers and other personnel from falling off of roofs with standing seams. Safety RailingKeeGuard Roof Edge Fall Protection Railing System is a passive, collective fall protection system that is preferred by safety consultants. Anytime someone says railing is tested to OSHA, ask for the testing documentation. Railings such as KeeGuard. KeeGuard® Offers Flexibility and Custom Solutions. KEEGUARD PREMIUM is suitable for both temporary and. The modular handrail edge protection system is quick and easy to install and allows for last minute reconfigurations on site. Recycled PVC weights provide a high visibility, non-slip secure base that does not penetrate the roof membrane. Take a look at the components below to better understand how this versatile system will help you meet. 1. The KeeGuard system removes the potential of that risk. Roof Hatch Railings & Gates. Personal Fall Arrest Systems compliant with 1926. Kee Guard is the industry leading modular, roof top railing system. The NextGen Lift and Lock™ Roof Hatch Opener is a failsafe. The KeeGuard system removes the potential of that risk. Rooftop Railing. This component-based guardrail system is an OSHA compliant, permanent, and dependable safety guardrail barrier for securing roof edge. Easy installKee Guard is the industry leading modular, roof top railing system. Please. Steel models are supplied with handrailing and uprights powder coated in SAFETY YELLOW to RAL1007, fittings are Hot dip Galvanised only. Parapet mounted guardrail is a cost-effective and OSHA compliant solution. A testament to the longevity of his design. Non-penetrating guardrail uses counterbalances and weighted bases to sit on the roof's surface creating zero penetrations. A. The KeeGuard base flange is specially designed to be able to easily connect extruded Aluminum Toeboard. Mounting parapet railing directly to the parapet is a cost-effective way of implementing rooftop fall protection, while avoiding penetration of the roof membrane. 28(b)(3)(i)(B)The KeeGuard® modular component system offers maximum flexibility for your rooftop configuration. 3 Kg and has an insulating rubber pad on the underside which. 501, 29 CFR 1926. Kee Guard is a modular free-standing roof edge fall protection system that does not penetrate the roof membrane. The railing attaches to corrugated metal roofs with a special plate that must be screwed into the roof surface. Rooftop railing for roofs with limited space. Parapet railings can provide continuous fall protection and. Modular System - Built to easily maneuver around rooftop units near an edge. Fax (585) 672-7313. Response Within 2 Business Hours. 2. 5 4 21. Safety Systems For Vehicle Maintenance: PDF Download. This information should be readily. Free-standing guardrails are permanent and do not require drilling or penetration of the roof membrane. Keehatch ® Railing - Galvanized. 2m - 8310HL)(2. 1. Option 3: (Shown in Fig. 133m - 8310213) Supplied in three sizes for convenience, these components provide the horizontal rails of the system. The energy-absorbing features of Kee Line make it suitable for use on roofs, ceilings, and other structures. 0. to 36 in. The system also includes special pads along the. Be smooth so that employees can’t be harmed by punctures. Freestanding counterweighted guardrail system with 42 inches (1067 mm) minimum height to provide a pedestrian egress barrier on the roof to withstand a minimum load of 200 lb (90719 g) in any. Only KeeGuard offers optimal stability for all standard rooftop systems including Membrane, Metal Profile, and Standing Seam up to 45 °. Kee Lite ® is made from a high-grade aluminum silicon magnesium alloy. Or, Give Us a Call: 1. Preiu KeeGuard Premium Components MAIN RAIL TUBE EN 13374 (2. Kee Walk with Guardrail provides a safe pathway that requires no formal training or experience [it is passive] and “collectively” protects people when working at height. 527. 00. KeeGuard ® is also freestanding and uses ballasted PVC counterweight bases. The KeeGuard Roof Edge Fall Protection Railing System Includes: KGU135 x 3 - Main Upright Assembly with Kee Klamp fitting to attach counter balance system CB4PVC x 2 -. For expert assistance on designing a whole roof safety solution. Easy installSafety Rail Sources™ partners with Kee Safety and offers KeeGuard® free-standing, non-penetrating roof edge fall protection systems with recycled PVC counterbalance weights. Kee Lite ® aluminium fittings are a lightweight versatile, economical system that’s ideal for safety barriers, railings, racks, greenhouses, structural framework and more. CENTRAL (832) 409-7160. Contact a Safety Expert. KeeGuard® Corrugated. Rooftop pads can provide this sort of protection on flat roofs. Safety Products . KeeGuard Railing is designed for flat or low slope roofs. Lives have been lost in work-related falls resulting from workers not using harnesses properly. comThe guard railing flanks the access point, ensuring a safe approach. C. Kee Walk. Skylight railing is free-standing and does not penetrate the roof surface. Facility Service Manager. The railings extend above the walking surface 42” and withstand a force of 200 pounds. to 36 in. Track Orders. Safety Rail Sources™ partners with Kee Safety and offers KeeGuard® free-standing, non-penetrating roof edge fall protection systems with recycled PVC counterbalance weights. This product is safety critical. Rather than just relying on friction to provide a safe walking surface when traveling up a slope, Kee Walk utilizes stair sections for a safe and ergonomic ascent. offer a full line of Roof Top Safety system including, Roof Edge Railings and Rooftop Safety Equipment. Section 07400 - Membrane Roofing: Coordination of roof edge protection installation. Kee Guard Roof Edge Fall Protection Railing System is a passive, collective fall protection system that is preferred by safety consultants. Kee Guard rooftop guardrail is a modular and non-penetrating form of collective fall protection. x 3 in. Kee Guard Roof Edge Fall Protection Railing System is a passive, collective fall protection system that is preferred by safety consultants. Heavy Duty galvanized tubing self-closing gate with adjustable torsion system. Kee Guard is the industry leading modular, roof top railing system. The first value of a site certification is the confidence to know that the system was installed correctly. Select Model. Aluminium models have self colour aluminium handrailing and fittings. manufactured in accordance with BS EN 1562. 527. Skylight railings, guards and screens (cages) absent around or over skylights, such as OSHA-compliant non-penetrating railing, pose a “blind danger”. Lift & Lock (also known as BSP Hatch Operator® Patent #US 11,293,226 B2) is designed with a hand operated winch at the bottom of the ladder that is connected to a lifting arm affixed to the. and 500 lbs. OSHA compliant. Easy installWe offer a huge collection of Roof Hatch Railings, Roof Edge Railings & Crossover Stairs and Platforms. KeeGuard Guardrail is. Kee Anchor uses a central pedestal which allows the attachment of a safety harness and lanyard and raises the height at which the arrest force is applied. The KeeGuard® modular component system offers maximum flexibility for your rooftop configuration. Railing is the safest form of protection when workers need to be exposed to a fall hazard. KeeGuard® Corrugated Railing is an OSHA Compliant roof edge fall protection system that prevents workers and other personnel from falling off corrugated roofs. Ladder Safety Company, Inc. Toe plates and Ground Sockets are also available. To protect work being done closer to the edge our KeeGuard Roof Railing is a great solution. bases, is freestanding and easy to install. 527. KeeGuard® Contractor can be configured to meet all OSHA Standards for permanent railings, including OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926. 456. 866. 3 Kg and has an insulating rubber pad on the underside which. 866. Galvanised fittings and tube deliver collective protection which ensures a safe working environment for anyone working at heights. OSHA Compliant Guardrail and Railing Solutions OSHA Compliant Safety Solutions and Fall Protection - We only offer safety products that properly complies with appropriate OSHA regulations. KEEGUARD free standing roof edge protection works on a proven counterweight system. Kee Guard is the industry leading modular, free-standing safety railing system that is not fixed directly to the roof membrane. Keeguard® Railing. KeeGuard® is the most trusted name in safety railing offering maximum flexibility for your rooftop configuration. 23 (e) specifies that wood rails, for the most part, must be made up of at least 2x4s with. It has been fully tested to EN and OSHA compliance, and when correctly installed, ensures the safety of anyone who has to access a flat roof. Reference: BS 13700:2021, EN14122 Part 3 & EN13374 Class A, all applicable, local and national codes. KeeGuard Contractor is versatile, easy to assemble, and gives you an innovative approach to durable portable railing systems for roofs up to a 5 degree pitch. 866. The system also includes special pads along the. It can be used on slopes up to 1/12 pitch (5 degrees). At the same time, railings around the top of a roof may detract from the look of a building. Easy installWhole roof safety is accomplished through a combination of solutions. Roof Safety Railing Ground Mounted Railing Construction Railing KeeGuard Railing Non-Penetrating Railing Portable Railing Hatch Railing. Consists of Top Rail , Mid Rail , Chain or Self Closing Gate. The Ladder Safety-Dock™ attaches to the roof or parapet to provide a ladder tie-off point for safe roof access and to satisfy OSHA ladder safety Standards. For temporary solutions, we will come back and remove the railing after the work is finished. A. Unlike other sloped roof guardrails, KeeGuard safety rails for sloped roofs offer an advanced technological design that does not penetrate the roof's membrane. The rigidity of the guardrail will hold up to the strictest of requirements and last a lifetime. Response Within 2 Business Hours. This. KeeGuard is engineered to eliminate risk on any flat orKeeGuard ® Railing – a non-penetrating, modular rooftop safety railing with recycled PVC counterbalance weights. We design and lay out each freestanding guardrail system to meet the customer’s requirements. 4 8 48. Rooftop Parapet Railing. These instructions can be used to help train laborers who are inst. KeeGuard® Contractor is an easy to install, modular system and can be configured to meet all OSHA Standards for permanent railings. 140 (c) (13) - Anchorages, except window cleaners' belt anchors covered by paragraph (e) of this section, must be: 1910. A platform that is easy to configure, easy to set up, and can be shipped faster than fabricated platform solutions. Or, Give Us a Call: 1. of safety railing, handrail, guardrail and barriers KEE KLAMP Tube Diameter Fitting Size Ø mm O/D 3 17. The closest upright should be placed no further than 8' from the wall or steel. KeeGuard Contractor meets all OSHA. Gus Pernesky from Yancey's Fancy was on-site during the certification and said this about the project. NO. That attachment is the one crucial element to any mounted guardrail that must never be overlooked. OSHA compliant. It has been designed to provide permanent roof edge protection for areas where regular access for maintenance and inspection is required. Utilising a hinged version of the standard KeeGuard base fitting, the guardrail can easily be lifted into place when work is in progress and then quickly folded back down when finished. It is a modular free-standing roof edge safety rail protection. Each installation is individually engineered using our modular KeeGuard® components to build a durable and safe Fall Protection System. Mobile roof edge railing, Freestanding roof edge protection without. KWIK KIT Quick Assembly Safety Railing Kits are available in nine model types. KeeGuard® Safety Railing KeeGuard® Features • Modular component system for multiple configurations • Adaptable to varying angles and radius edges •.